Celebrating Black and African American cuisine means eating around the world

Celebrating Black and African American cuisine means eating around the world

Throughout the African American and African diaspora, food takes on as many different forms and traditions as the people who make it up.

Enslaved Africans brought their cooking and farming traditions to the Americas, and those were then transformed by the conditions they faced. The heritage of many recipes considered today to be soul food were founded in the crops and techniques first developed by enslaved communities.

Today, Black chefs and restaurant owners are bringing traditional elements into their recipes and adding their own creativity, as well as sharing recipes from all corners of the globe.

But through all the different flavors is the same heart: community.

Kwasi Kwaa, chef and partner of Comfort Kitchen in Dorchester, is one person bringing these foods to the forefront in Boston. He whipped up jackfruit sliders with jerk seasoning on the set of Basic Black.

Kwaa, who is from Ghana, said tastes are changing as people become more adventurous with food. He started his career making lots of French and Italian food, despite wanting to explore African cuisine, which he described as a sad period of his career. But now, there’s a paradigm shift.

“I think in past years, and with the help of television … and food shows and things like that, people have broadened their horizons in terms of what they can try, and folks have become more adventurous eaters, if you would,” Kwaa said.

As people branch out to try new foods, they also love the classics, such as what is served up at Coast Café in Cambridge, where Anthony “Tony” Brooks is the chef and owner.

His fried chicken and mac and cheese is pure home cooking. Brooks made his signature mac and cheese on Basic Black, which he said is his most popular side dish.

That home cooking is what customers are looking for. Brooks said, “We’re cooking from our heart and people are looking for that artist … I look at it as art to me, not just cooking.”

Paula Austin, assistant professor of history and African American and Black diaspora studies at Boston University, described Black food as diverse, and a “cultural explosion” that varies from region to region. Mac and cheese in one state might not be the same recipe in another state, or another part of the world even.

“Black foodways is not monolithic, but there are so many different things that come together to make the particular dishes or to make those particular preparations that are, you know, West African, Indigenous,” Austin said.

The guests closed out the segment sharing some of the favorite foods that are always making it onto their plate. Austin loves fried plantains, Brooks eats steak and potatoes and Kwaa loves chicken stock more than he loves a whole roast chicken.

Watch: How are local Black chefs making their mark on the history of Black cuisine?

Watch the latest episode of Basic Black at 7:30 p.m. Fridays on GBH 2 or live on our website. You can also watch on the GBH News YouTube channel. Subscribe to get notifications for future premiere episodes.

Top tips for healthy eating throughout the year

Top tips for healthy eating throughout the year

Now we’re effectively into February, the vigour you to start with felt when location new year’s resolutions may possibly be commencing to fade, and continual nutritious consuming can really feel like an uphill fight.

But as an alternative of shelling out cash on a takeaway, what if you could adhere to your plans – in a colourful, vivid and tasty way, relatively than settling down with a soggy salad.

If you want to continue to keep up with a healthier diet plan for the rest of the calendar year, these chef-accredited ideas could aid.

Gennaro Contaldo

Contaldo thinks Italian cooking is the perfect vehicle for conserving funds in the kitchen area

(David Loftus/PA)

For chef Gennaro Contaldo, staying healthful is all about balance – and by no means depriving himself fully.

“I consider to do a healthier food plan [but] I’ve never ever been on a diet plan. Do I need to? I really do not consider so. These days is massive flavour of pasta, and tomorrow is major flavour of greens – I check out to do harmony. Now we consume a great deal of meat? Tomorrow we take in a ton of fish. Equilibrium,” says Contaldo, who skilled Jamie Oliver in Italian cooking.

Lately he baked his very own bread laced with pork scratchings from a community butcher. “That lovely bread,” he remembers. “But for the subsequent few days, I will take in something else. I’ll have a slice of toast.

“Sweet cake? Of course, what ever they set in front of me, I will consume it. But only in modest parts, not simply because I are unable to eat it, due to the fact by my age you can’t eat [a lot of] very, really sweet stuff – but I do style everything.”

‘Gennaro’s Cucina: Hearty Cash-Conserving Foods From An Italian Kitchen’ by Gennaro Contaldo (Harper Collins, £25)

Kwoklyn Wan

Kwoklyn Wan’s latest cookbook is all about just one pot or wok cooking

(Sam Folen/PA)

For Kwoklyn Wan, cooking extra Chinese meals at home could be the solution to staying healthy.

“The awesome issue about Chinese food is you can make it wholesome pretty easily,” he explains. “So, instead of utilizing your vegetable oil, your coconut oil or whichever oil, you could use spray oil, [with] stir-fried rooster and vegetables.

“There you go: there’s your protein, you’ve acquired your veggies and your natural vitamins, and then even boiled rice in its place of fried rice.

“Or you could have noodles, or rice noodles. I’m extremely lucky in the perception that I was born into this amazing lifestyle with foods you can make healthful very quickly, and you do not forsake any of the flavour.”

‘One Wok, One particular Pot’ by Kwoklyn Wan (Quadrille, £16.99)

Skye McAlpine

Having healthily does not necessarily mean you have to miss out on out on your favourite foods – it just could possibly need a couple of wise tweaks.

“I really like introducing contemporary veggies to the pasta drinking water when I’m cooking pasta with pesto: green beans, chopped fennel, chunks of zucchini, broccoli florets, broad beans when in season… What ever I have to hand, really,” claims Skye McAlpine.

“Basically, you cook the veggies in the drinking water with the pasta and then incorporate the pesto sauce. It is delicious and would make for a really wholesome and entire meal.”

‘A Table Comprehensive Of Love’ by Skye McAlpine (Bloomsbury Publishing, £26)

Suzanne Mulholland AKA The Batch Woman

Suzanne Mulholland’s major suggestion is to make a strategy

(Haarala Hamilton/PA)

Unsurprisingly for someone who worked as a time administration specialist just before composing cookbooks, Suzanne Mulholland’s best suggestion is to make a program.

“Organise your self in advance and prep as much as you can, so it is all in your fridge… It’s [then] simpler to stick to a routine, is not it?” she states.

“If you’ve manufactured a couscous salad, and you make [extra] that you can just take to work, you’re fewer likely to nip into Pret and eat a sandwich of 700 calories, mainly because you have carried out that in advance and introduced it with you.

“So, undertaking something in progress, expending time imagining about stuff and getting it down on paper or on your telephone – out of your head – signifies you’re much more probably to obtain any aims you want to established.”

‘The Batch Girl: Cooking On A Budget’ by Suzanne Mulholland (HQ, £22)

Heather Thomas

To truly get fired up about ingesting healthily – and then ideally sticking to it outside of January – Heather Thomas is all about taking in seasonally.

And early in the 12 months, it is citrus fruit she’s most thrilled about. “I live – most of the time – in Greece, and I can wander all-around the streets of Athens selecting [oranges and lemons] off trees – they’re everywhere,” she suggests.

Right after the “feasting above Christmas and New Year”, she recommends getting foods that are “really refreshing, zingy and citrusy, and lighter”.

‘The Veggie Christmas Cookbook’ by Heather Thomas (HarperNonFiction, £12.99)

Eating This Common Healthy Food On An Empty Stomach Can Do More Harm Than Good – Better ‘Avoid’

Eating This Common Healthy Food On An Empty Stomach Can Do More Harm Than Good – Better ‘Avoid’

No person has at any time questioned how crucial it is to eat breakfast. Authorities have distinctive tips about when you should take in your 1st meal, but they all concur that it need to be healthy. Unfortunately, there is concern that consuming selected nutritious foods on an vacant stomach could in fact do much more hurt than superior.

Bananas are normally perceived as a healthy way to kick off your working day, regardless of whether you are rapidly consuming it on a hectic workday early morning as you rush out the doorway or basically grabbing the fruit for a breakfast on-the-go.

The yellow fruit, which is loaded in natural vitamins, minerals, and fiber, has some really desirable health strengths.

Nonetheless, it might result in far more concerns by upsetting your body’s acid-foundation equilibrium if consumed on an vacant tummy.

In accordance to JustCBD’s RD and conditioning specialist Nataly Komova, bananas are a considerable “source of potassium and magnesium.”

Whilst these minerals offer you a large array of wellness pros, consuming them first thing in the early morning on an empty belly may well be hazardous to your overall health, according to the skilled.

Consuming potassium and magnesium on an empty belly soon after prolonged durations of fasting,” accordingt to the exercise skilled, can most likely guide to an imbalance in the acid-base equilibrium of your blood.

According to nutritionist and Brew That Coffee’s founder April Jamison, the perfectly-recognised fruit may cause a short rise in blood alkalinity, which can lead to “a compensatory reaction in the system, resulting in the release of acid-buffering compounds, these types of as bicarbonate, to restore the blood’s acid-foundation equilibrium.”

However, if this compensating response fails, the imbalance in your acid-foundation harmony could direct to acidosis and alkalosis, which are both of those harmful conditions.

“Acidosis,” in accordance to Komova, “is prompted by much too a lot acid in the blood, which can make the blood pH stages fall underneath 7.35.”

“Alkalosis takes place when there is an abnormal develop-up of bases in the human body, building the blood pH concentrations increase over 7.45.”

Even though alkalosis may carry on signs and symptoms like nausea, vertigo, and muscle mass twitching, acidosis can deliver on signs or symptoms like shortness of breath, exhaustion, and confusion.

If you endure any of the symptoms pointed out earlier mentioned, Jamison explained, it could be advisable to see a health care provider for a blood examination to evaluate the acid-foundation equilibrium in your blood.

“The most vital step is to choose motion to restore your blood’s acid-base stability.

“This can be obtained as a result of dietary modifications, these types of as cutting down your intake of acidic foods and raising your ingestion of alkaline meals.”

Sugar, certain styles of dairy, processed meals, and lemons are examples of higher-acid foods, while veggies, nuts, and legumes are examples of alkaline foods.

Komova warned that possessing bananas with breakfast may well boost your risk of alkalosis and acidosis.

But if you definitely like the fruit and want to take in it in the morning, you should consume it with a thing else.

There are a range of strategies to increase the dietary written content of this food, in accordance to Jamison.

For instance, “combining bananas with a protein resource, like almond butter or Greek yogurt,” can aid in keeping energy amounts all through the early morning. 

On top of that, when combined with other higher-fiber foods like oats or total-grain bread, they may help command blood sugar and improve digestion.

Graphic Credit rating: Getty

Ask Me Anything: Diets, cooking and healthy eating

Ask Me Anything: Diets, cooking and healthy eating

Involving hectic times in the business, kids’ food aversions and cravings for sugary treats, healthier eating behaviors can be elusive for the full family. In our latest #AskMeAnything, we check with Michelle Hauser, MD, a scientific affiliate professor of surgical treatment who specializes in weight problems medicine, to solution issues on anything food stuff.

Can diet plan decisions have an affect on the overall health of your heart? Can it reduce swelling? What food items are best for body weight decline? And what about breakfast? Is it actually the most significant food of the working day?

Hauser, aspect medical doctor, aspect skillfully skilled chef, is a company believer that balanced meals can — and should — flavor very good. In this Talk to Me Something she weighs in on how to improve your diet for the most effective wellbeing benefits and shares her insights as a chef in the kitchen area and doctor in the clinic.

Are there specific diets to abide by that are superior for your coronary heart?

There are a range of meal plans that are heart-healthful which include Mediterranean Sprint and other full-food, plant-based mostly meal plans. The bulk of these diet programs are created up of minimally processed plant foods, such as greens, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts and seeds. Focusing on incorporating as a lot of of these food items as attainable and limiting excessive sodium and highly processed carbs (these kinds of as foodstuff designed with flours, specially white flours, and additional sugars or sweeteners) will deliver you effectively on your way to heart wellbeing.

Michelle Hauser, MD, a doctor-chef

For substantial-protein meals, choose for beans tofu tempeh and lean proteins these types of as poultry with no the pores and skin, fish and seafood (not breaded or fried). Lessen or exclude red meat, processed meat (bacon, sausage, cold cuts) and alcoholic beverages. Fats in the diet need to be generally people that are liquid at home temperature or normally occurring in the foodstuff all those oils would appear from (olives, avocado, nuts, seeds).

Subsequent this dietary sample is also fantastic for reducing inflammation and lowering LDL cholesterol degrees.

What does it necessarily mean to be a medical doctor-chef?

Being a health practitioner-chef literally suggests coaching in both fields and employing the know-how and expertise acquired in specialist exercise. The industry combining these two matters is much more popularly identified as culinary drugs. The definition I use for culinary medication is “an evidence-based mostly field that delivers together nutrition and culinary know-how and abilities to guide individuals in keeping wellness and managing meals-similar disease by selecting large-good quality, balanced food in conjunction with acceptable health care care.”

I use culinary medicine in my exercise on a regular basis, no matter if which is chatting to people about food and nutrition or performing cooking courses with them in person or by video simply call. I really like looking at people’s faces gentle up when they try some thing that surprises them with how fantastic it is or that they thought they wouldn’t like. In my expertise, absolutely everyone loves superior foodstuff. Earning healthful meals style mouth watering is the vital to getting people today to try to eat much more of it. 

What are the finest foods to try to eat (or stay clear of) to lower extra fat deposits all over the midsection?

The similar nutritional sample which is ideal for a healthful heart applies here. I want to draw particular awareness to the limitation of remarkably processed carbohydrates. Feeding on also numerous foodstuff with these elements, not retaining a healthful fat and remaining physically inactive can direct to enhanced waistline circumference.

I suggest regularly revisiting the dilemma, “Could I take in this way for good?” in thinking about the sustainability of a dietary pattern. If sure, fantastic! If perhaps, preserve striving and see if you transfer toward or away from of course. If no (or hell no), will not consider to power it. Transfer on to the next nutritional change you are thinking about and don’t sense guilty about it!

How can I get my young ones to eat more veggies?

The number one matter you can do to get little ones to take in far more veggies is to engage them in all elements of food acquisition and preparing. Have them decide on recipes, shop for and place away groceries, be a part of you at the farmer’s market place, and program and put together meals. Most recipes have kid-proper ways for all those of pretty much any age. Make food preparing and planning a relatives action. Discuss about the superior factors that food does for the physique. Keep away from adverse commentary or dieting remarks. Avoid battles more than food items. Persuade trying a person bite of new foodstuff and then permitting it go.

And lastly (even though I could go on!), make it exciting and mouth watering. Cut up loads of veggies and make foods artwork. We do “bagel folks” with smaller, full-grain bagels. Add hummus and decorate with greens to develop all types of creatures. It really is complicated to make fantastic foods art without having all the colours in generate. For lunches, employing foods cutters in pleasurable styles — we have zoo animals — can also maximize the likelihood of veggies having eaten.

What’s your favorite easy weeknight recipe?

Salad night! We’ll use a combine of the following ingredients for salad night time:
Veggies: greens, cherry tomatoes, rainbow bell peppers, cucumbers, broccoli, snap peas, pickled pink onions, carrots, celery, roasted sweet potatoes
Protein: roasted tofu, beans marinated in a vinaigrette, hummus, veggie rooster
Total grain: quinoa, complete-grain toast or crackers
Nutritious fats: dressings (see down below), avocado, olives, seeds (chia, flax, hemp, pepitas), or nuts (sunflower seeds, pepitas, pecans, almonds…peanut allergy residence, so no peanuts)
Fruit: dried or clean fruit in the salad or on the side
Dressing: My fave is balsamic vinaigrette, my 5-year-aged likes Cashew Ranch, my toddler likes both the balsamic vinaigrette or miso ginger dressing.

What was it like teaching at Chez Panisse?

It was transformational. I had developed up in the Midwest and mainly skilled vegetables as a sad or soggy side dish that was an obligatory, but absolutely not celebrated, aspect of every single food. In French cooking school (Le Cordon Bleu), I acquired that vegetables could be unbelievably scrumptious, but a lot of the preparation in my instruction integrated including cream, butter, cheese, salt and bits of meat to flavor them. 

Chez Panisse crafted the basis of what later grew to become an “ah-ha” moment about healthful food stuff becoming tasty. I never ever as soon as heard any person there say anything about the healthfulness of a dish. Still most of the dishes were unbelievably healthy. Although I was there, Connoisseur journal rated Chez Panisse the finest restaurant in America. Evidently, healthful food can be scrumptious and crave-deserving. This lesson is what guides substantially of the function I do in culinary drugs to this working day.

What is actually a frequent diet plan oversight or false impression?

The most frequent pattern that I see associated with excess weight acquire, trouble with urge for food management, meals cravings and weight-decline plateaus is skipping meals in the course of the working day and concentrating most of the caloric intake in the evenings. Fasting decreases metabolic amount, as does excess weight loss. When foods does become offered soon after a speedy, our bodies typically respond by activating processes that permit us to eat extra meals than usual.

When breakfast time rolls around, we’re not hungry since we consumed so a lot of calories the evening before. Immediately after breakfast, we get chaotic and skip most food till supper once more, and the cycle repeats. What is actually even worse is that this pattern of taking in sets us up for craving calorie-dense food stuff.

Is breakfast truly vital? And if so, what do you advise?

While a whole breakfast isn’t really a need to, I wouldn’t propose skipping energy for the working day. Instead, for those who never like to consume breakfast, I propose producing a list of 100- to 250-calorie solutions that they can have in lieu of foods. Buying choices that include fiber, protein and healthy fats assists the most with satiety and retaining secure blood sugars, which in convert can help protect against overwhelming foods cravings and insulin resistance, which can materialize if you do not take in breakfast.

For case in point, you could choose for an apple or banana with peanut butter, a 1-ounce serving of nuts, avocado slices with whole grain crackers, roasted tofu, refried black beans (produced with a tiny amount of oil or broth, not lard), or veggie sticks and hummus. Stay clear of flavored, presweetened yogurts and packets of oatmeal which can cover great amounts of sugar. It can be better to increase a teaspoon or two of your have sweetener if you experience you want it immediately after adding other ingredients. Using spices connected with desserts, like cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg and cloves, can include an component of sweetness which assists lower the perceived total of sugar essential in a dish.

What guidance would you give to anyone who needs to make a healthier food prepare?

Test to composition foods on the pursuing proportions: ½ generate, ¼ complete grains, ¼ protein meals. For people attempting to drop body weight, I advocate that the vegetable portion of the plate is made up of non-starchy veggies. You can also substitute starchy vegetables for the complete grains. This allows you to fill up on fewer calories than a plate with numerous starchy elements.

Think about the style desire you or your household have. Try out to include those people. Like smoky or savory flavors? Obtain a recipe or dish that incorporates people flavors in a nutritious way. Like sweets? Involve a fruit or very tiny part of dessert with foods. Leaving cravings unhappy can cause you to target on the merchandise of curiosity or to snack for the reason that you really feel unhappy.

Any advice for food prep if you might be on a hectic plan?

Come across time all through the 7 days when you can do some meal prep. If you can chop all of the onions or garlic, cook dinner full grains, or chop veggies that will hold, do it then. Make a flavorful, healthy sauce or two (vinaigrette, romesco, pesto, etc.) freeze portion of it for yet another time and use section that 7 days. Accomplishing this each individual week with sauces — or even completed dishes — will give you a stockpile of pre-built foodstuff or goods that you can switch to on occupied evenings in its place of relying on choose-out or shipping.

For more #AskMeAnything material, visit the Stanford Medication Instagram site or related Scope tales.

Photograph by kerdkanno

Harvard Study Links a Variety of Healthy Eating Patterns to a Lower Risk of Premature Death

Harvard Study Links a Variety of Healthy Eating Patterns to a Lower Risk of Premature Death

By

Eating Healthy Vegan Food

The Dietary Pointers for People in america outlines four wholesome taking in patterns: Healthier Having Index 2015, Alternate Mediterranean Diet regime, Healthful Plant-primarily based Diet plan Index, and Alternate Healthy Feeding on Index. These styles promote a balanced eating plan with emphasis on fruits, greens, full grains, healthy fats, and moderation of saturated and trans fats, additional sugars, and sodium.

A Harvard study finds healthier taking in patterns decreased threat of premature loss of life. Researchers found out participants who followed at minimum a single of four healthier ingesting patterns experienced minimized hazard of dying from any cause, which includes cardiovascular ailment, cancer, and respiratory sickness, when compared to those people with lessen adherence. The analyze is steady with the Nutritional Guidelines for America, which endorses many healthy having styles.

“The Nutritional Suggestions for Individuals are supposed to present science-centered dietary suggestions that encourages good well being and minimizes important long-term diseases. So, it is important to take a look at the associations in between DGAs-suggested nutritional styles and extensive-term well being results, specifically mortality,” stated corresponding author Frank Hu, Fredrick J. Stare Professor of Nutrition and Epidemiology and chair of the Division of Nutrition.

The was not long ago published in JAMA Interior Medication.

Few scientific tests have evaluated no matter whether bigger adherence to the DGAs-advised nutritional styles is linked with prolonged-term chance of whole and bring about-specific mortality. The scientists utilised wellbeing knowledge gathered over 36 years from 75,230 females taking part in the Nurses’ Health Review and 44,085 adult males in the Overall health Industry experts Observe-up Research. All members ended up free of charge of cardiovascular disease or cancer at the beginning of the examine and accomplished nutritional questionnaires each and every four a long time. Their information and facts was scored primarily based on just about every of the four dietary sample indexes (Balanced Eating Index 2015, Alternate Mediterranean Food plan, Healthful Plant-dependent Diet program Index, and Alternate Healthy Feeding on Index). All share crucial elements together with entire grains, fruits, veggies, nuts, and legumes, though other components vary throughout unique feeding on styles.

A higher rating on at minimum just one of the indexes was associated with a lessen threat of premature death from all causes, and from cardiovascular condition, cancer, and respiratory sickness. Greater scores on the AMED and the AHEI have been linked with a reduced hazard of death from neurogenerative ailment. The benefits ended up consistent for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic folks.

The existing DGAs (2015–2020) propose numerous healthy eating styles that can be adapted to personal foods traditions and tastes. An updated variation of the Rules is produced each five many years by the U.S. Departments of Wellbeing and Human Providers (HHS) and Agriculture (USDA).

“It is vital to examine adherence to DGAs-recommended ingesting designs and wellbeing outcomes, such as mortality, so that timely updates can be built,” explained Hu. “Our findings will be beneficial for the 2025-2030 Dietary Rules Advisory Committee, which is staying shaped to consider present-day proof surrounding unique taking in styles and overall health outcomes.”

Reference: “Healthy Eating Styles and Risk of Full and Result in-Distinct Mortality” by Zhilei Shan, MD, Ph.D., Fenglei Wang, Ph.D., Yanping Li, MD, Ph.D., Megu Y. Baden, MD, Ph.D., Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Ph.D., Dong D. Wang, MD, ScD, Qi Solar, MD, ScD, Kathryn M. Rexrode, MD, MPH, Eric B. Rimm, ScD, Lu Qi, MD, Ph.D., Fred K. Tabung, Ph.D., Edward L. Giovannucci, Ph.D., Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPH, JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH, Qibin Qi, Ph.D. and Frank B. Hu, MD, Ph.D., 9 January 2022, JAMA Inner Medicine.
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.6117

The examine was funded by the NHLBI Division of Intramural Study. 

Healthy food campaigners target UK government’s ‘healthy eating’ app

Healthy food campaigners target UK government’s ‘healthy eating’ app

A Soil Affiliation investigation has disclosed that the NHS Food items Scanner App suggests biscuits, cakes, crisps, chocolate puddings and fizzy pop as “good” solutions for a healthy diet regime. Energy drinks and prompt noodles are also endorsed by the app.

The app – which has been downloaded at minimum fifty percent a million instances – was introduced as section of the United kingdom government’s Far better Health marketing campaign. It aims to help households “take control” of snacking and awards a “Good Choice” thumbs up if goods drop beneath its threshold of salt, sugar, or saturated fat.

But the Soil Affiliation investigation examined the application on well-liked snack merchandise and found that 80{d2b09b03d44633acb673e8080360919f91e60962656af8ade0305d5d8b7e4889} of a sample of products and solutions with the “Good Choice” badge or similar endorsements were extremely-processed. These goods are connected to coronary heart, kidney and liver sickness, most cancers, depression and untimely loss of life.

With these probably existence-shortening meals building up much more than 50 percent of British isles diets, and small children particularly at danger, the organisation has launched a petition urging the govt to halt advertising them. 

Soil Association Campaign Coordinator Cathy Cliff mentioned: “We are shocked to see the authorities not only ignoring the overall health pitfalls about extremely-processed foodstuff but actively encouraging households to take in them. It appears like the govt is additional concerned about corporate profits than children’s overall health.​

“When every penny counts, it is close to criminal that people are being misled to squander revenue on junk food stuff that does not fill you up with nearly anything other than health and fitness challenges. ​