Top 12 Tips for Cooking with Mushrooms

SOMA Wild Mushroom Camp is held on a yearly basis by the Sonoma County Mycological Affiliation in the redwood forests of Northern California. A blend of foraging excursions, botany courses, tastings, and other fungus-centric functions, the accumulating raises money for mushroom scholarship. I had signed up for a operate exchange place, hoping to glean the know-how and connections to comfortably forage my have mushrooms, anything I’d wished to do for a long time. 

Now, you may possibly surprise: Why vacation all the way to mushroom camp when there are so many discipline guides and YouTube video clips and how-to article content out there? In shorter, you can’t truly research fungi in isolation. You have to find out about weather conditions styles, tree species, federal guidelines and area regulations, and even the ecology of the land you’re on. Consider hedgehog mushrooms, for occasion. Even if you can identify them, they are challenging to find—unless you know they grow around huckleberry bushes. Textbooks will tell you that morels prosper in woodlands—but most are unsuccessful to mention that those people harvested in wildfire-scorched spots are tastier than usual kinds. For that variety of knowledge, I realized, it pays to go to mushroom camp.  

Soon after a weekend spent foraging, attending lectures, and cooking by day (and bunking up with mycology geeks by night time), I arrived away with even a lot more mushroom cooking ideas than I bargained for. Here are my 12 leading takeaways. 

There are about 350 edible mushroom species. Of these, some get perfectly to grilling and roasting, even though some others style greatest in soup, indicating your mushroom cooking strategies should transform relying on what variety you’re doing the job with. Chef and recipe developer Kate Ray instructed me she likes boiling tiny enoki mushrooms in hotpot and other water-primarily based preparations, even though lion’s mane mushrooms make a knockout vegetarian “steak,” considering the fact that “the larger and meatier the mushroom, the a lot more it helps make sense to sear or roast a major chunk.”

It turns out “mushroom” is a catch-all phrase, like “vegetable.” Although it is typically defined as the fruiting human body of a fungus with a stem and a gill-lined cap, loads of fungi diverge from this product, these types of as hedgehog, porcini, and subterranean stem-and-cap-free of charge truffles. Stephanie Jarvis of Pacific Truffle Growers shared more specifics about truffles: They expand properly in hazelnut orchards, but because of their interactions with tree roots, a truffle orchard won’t make awesome nuts—you can have hazelnuts or truffles, but not equally! I was stunned to study that the U.S. has its possess indigenous truffle species (I’m envious of Oregonians with their annual truffle doggy contest). A single matter that isn’t a mushroom? Truffle oil, which is usually truffle-cost-free and manufactured as an alternative with a lab-manufactured compound named 2,4-dithiapentane.

In accordance to UC Berkeley postdoctoral researcher Cat Adams, who studies dying cap mushrooms, only 28 mushroom species are acknowledged to be fatal, though there are hundreds of edible sorts and tens of hundreds of described species. You don’t will need comprehensive information of every mushroom to properly forage—but it’s crucial to be ready to recognize community toxic types. Most mushroom-linked fatalities in the U.S. are foragers from foreign international locations who did not do their due diligence. As the old mushroomers’ maxim goes: when in doubt, throw it out. 

At camp I tried witches’ butter syrup, matsutake fig jam, and the most pleasant profiterole I have eaten—filled with ganache, whipped cream, and candy cap mushroom ice product. Candy caps, which have a charming maple flavor, are an easy entry into mushroom desserts, but Ray (the aforementioned chef) is pushing boundaries with treats like shiitake chip cookies and mushroom pavlova. A person caveat: “Mushroom desserts are an acquired style and tend to strike far more with people who previously like mushrooms,” she explained. Mushroom sweets, predominantly that includes psychedelic or medicinal types, are an additional frontier to check out, nevertheless they are not new: The Aztecs combined psilocybin mushrooms with cacao.

Funguses in culinary contexts are typically restricted to yeasts and mushrooms, but molds, much too, are intriguing. Tempeh is produced by inoculating soybeans with Rhizopus microsporus while tempeh is preferred and pleasant, this mould in its undomesticated sort can also bring about a exceptional but deadly sickness known as mucormycosis. Regardless of the feasible hazards of molds, Oregon Condition College botany and plant pathology student Brandon Stairs, who presented analysis on Rhizopus species, claimed, of consuming a piece of bread with a little bit of mildew on it, “It depends on how hungry I am.”

Mushroom tea is prevalent in Asian standard drugs and a prevalent way to ingest psychedelic mushrooms, but there is no will need to stop there. At camp I attempted cordyceps tea, matsutake sake, and guava and hibiscus-berry kombucha fermented with stinkhorns (I skipped the cannabis reishi limoncello). The kombucha was an creation by Michelle Harris, a designer who was impressed by viewing dried stinkhorns, which she hadn’t understood were being edible, for sale in San Francisco Chinatown. 1 of her pet peeves is “an edible mushroom considered as non-palatable by a single and then in a activity of telephone documented as becoming inedible and toxic in an additional source,” so she established out to do some investigation and make something with stinkhorns, yielding a tart and refreshing result.

You can purchase inoculated grain, which has mycelium expanding on it, and increase it to a plastic bagful of sterile natural and organic materials like straw or sawdust to make your personal increase bags. Or you can make a mushroom log for your lawn, drilling holes and inserting inoculated wooden dowels. Some kinds, like oyster mushrooms, mature conveniently and wildly quick, while some others, like chanterelles and truffles, are additional resistant to cultivation and are nonetheless generally foraged.

Miso is another fungus-centered meals. To make it, soy beans are fermented with salt and kōji mold. However, at a SOMA workshop led by Eleana Hsu of ferment organization Shared Cultures, we designed miso from chickpeas, black trumpet mushrooms, salt, and kōji, all mashed alongside one another by hand (with considerable effort and hard work). Shared Cultures tends to make a range of “modern misos” out of all the things from morels to Awesome Ranch Doritos that have received around the Bay Location foodstuff scene. 

In her guide The Mushroom at the Conclusion of the Environment, anthropologist Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing writes that the smell of matsutake “evokes unhappiness in the loss of summer’s easy riches, but it also phone calls up the sharp depth and heightened sensibilities of autumn.” Mushrooms, then, can talk to the year just like a late-summer season tomato—if you sluggish down and recognize. Classic Japanese preparations like matsutake rice and suimono use basic, nearly bland ingredients to permit the cinnamon-scented mushroom acquire centre phase. 

“Don’t be fearful to get your mushrooms damp!” claimed chef Rebecca Peizer during a demo at camp, noting that several increase in soaked environments. Soaking is a no-no, even so, given that many mushrooms—especially those people with uncovered gills like portobellos or enamel like hedgehog mushrooms—readily absorb drinking water, which can switch them soggy. If your mushrooms are currently fairly clean, as most cultivated kinds are, you probably don’t require to wash them—a small dust won’t hurt you.

Mushroom cell partitions are produced of chitin—and so are the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. There is a misperception that mainly because individuals just cannot digest chitin, we really should constantly prepare dinner mushrooms in buy to crack it down. Dr. George C. Fahey Jr., emeritus professor of dietary science at the College of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, has researched the nutritional benefit of mushrooms and disagrees. “Chitin is a sort of fiber,” he said. “If the mushroom is edible and you like it uncooked, then eat it.” Chitin has other added benefits too—it’s the rationale it’s quite a great deal extremely hard to overcook a mushroom, short of burning it to a crisp.

Herbalist and teacher Autumn Summers begun off a person introductory session indicating, “I’ve been foraging for mushrooms for a lengthy time, but we’re all nonetheless newbies.” Fungi stay understudied and misunderstood. There’s investigate funded by teams trying to sell you stinkhorn aphrodisiacs. There are cultural biases in opposition to ingesting selected mushrooms, some with superior motives for caution. And the awareness we have is constantly altering: Just past thirty day period, researchers published new analysis pinpointing a toxin that lets oyster mushrooms, seemingly carnivorous, to destroy and take in worms.